Camera Framing & Movement

Camera Framing and Movement 

Frames

• Extreme Close Up

An extreme close up shot magnifies the picture that the human eye would see, by focusing on one specific area of the bigger picture. By doing this, a director can add dramatic emphasis to the scene. For example in a moment of narrative, by using an extreme close up and focusing on the eyes or mouth, a director can give a feeling of drama, suspense, or tension to the moment. These frames are often used to convey a mood or emotion. Often abbreviated to ECU.

(http://waltongoodfellowr.blogspot.co.uk/2009/11/camera-shots-angles-and-movement.html)

• Big Close Up

A big close up shot is a magnified shot which focuses on a bigger area than an extreme close up. For example, a big close up shot of a person will include the eyes and mouth, but not the whole head. This type of frame can be used by a director to focus on a persons facial features; or to draw the viewers attention to a specific object to make the viewer feel empathy; or to add a sense of mystery. Big close up is often abbreviated to BCU on a script, storyboard or shotlist.
(http://eyefish.tv/dictionary/big-close-up)

• Close Up

A close up shot will show little background and focuses mainly on either a face, or a specific detail of the scene, with the background blurred. When using a close up shot of a subject's face, the director will draw the attention of the audience to the face while showing the shoulders and may often leave a bit of head room at the top of the frame. This type of shot is the most common as it can convey a lot of emotion and help the director to create a real sense of empathy towards the subject. Close Up is often abbreviated to CU.










(https://elmercqegs.wordpress.com/2011/03/18/camera-shots-and-movement/)

• Mid Shot 

A mid shot, or medium shot, usually shows a character from the waist up, or shows the important areas of an object significant to the scene. This type of shot is usually used when a subject is speaking or delivering information, it is also used a lot to show a character's arm gestures while they speak. A mid shot will usually cut out some of the background, allowing the viewers concentration to be on the body language and dialogue as a reaction shot will often draw the audience in. This type of shot allows the audience to clearly see the objects details, or the characters' expressions and movements, while not allowing them to dominate the scene. The problem with this is that it can often show too much of the background, if the background is too dynamic, this can be a distraction. 

(http://mediacommons.psu.edu/2013/07/storyboarding/)

• Mid Long Shot

A mid long shot or medium long shot is also sometimes known as the three quarters shot, this is because it shows the subject from the knees up. This is an intermediate shot between the mid shot and the long shot. The shot shows the whole subject in relation to its surroundings, often to give the audience an insight to the subjects size. 

(https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjAuZSihvbOAhUJlxoKHbabCfcQjB0IBg&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffilm-english.com%2Ffilm-glossary%2F&psig=AFQjCNGYY_dqYF03A08jXNjrZrnevbhPyA&ust=1473089812943755)

• Long Shot

Long shots are used to show a full character, or a feature object as part of the landscape, this often helps us to establish a connection between the object or person and the surroundings. These shots have the point of focus still as the object or person while showing a lot more of the background. They are often used to show action and movements, rather than emotion.

(http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_lXHRxMktlc8/TJj0Y0ArerI/)

• Extreme Long Shot  

An extreme long shot covers a wide area to set the scene, this is why it is often called an establishing shot. The shot can be used to establish the time, weather and location. This type of shot is often used in disaster filming to show the destruction and provide the audience with an element of thrill.



(http://bluefish0.weebly.com/blog/camera-shots-angles-and-movement)

• Point of View Shot

A point of view shot is also sometimes called a subjective shot. This is when the camera adopts the perspective of the character. The person whose point of view it is should never be seen in the shot unless it is a body part such as an arm. Point of view shots are often used in chase scenes to add drama.

(cherrycadaver.wordpress.com)

• Worm's Eye View

A worms eye view shot is a view of an object from below, as though the observer were a worm, the opposite of a bird's eye view. This type of shot is used to make an object look tall, strong and powerful. This frame is often used to show the view that a child or pet would have.

(http://xn--80aalewbjz9aa3im.xn--p1ai/worms-eye.php)

• Bird's Eye View

A birds eye view is a shot taken from directly above the scene. This type of shot is often used to establish the landscape and the character or objects relationship to it. A birds eye view can usually make people seem insignificant, ant-like and part of a bigger plan.

(http://www.videoeditingsage.com/Overhead-shot-camera-angle.html)

• Aerial 

An aerial shot is taken from above, usually from something like a helicopter, and is similar to a crane shot. They are usually used to establish the scene with movement.

• Crane 

A crane shot is a shot taken by a camera on a crane or a jib. The crane shot is used to view the actors from above and to move up and away, this is commonly used to end movies by moving away from the characters or scene,

(https://revision4gcses.wordpress.com/media-studies/camera-anglesmovementshots/)

• High Angle 

The high angle shot is where the camera looks down on the subject from a high angle, but not quite as high as a birds eye view. This can make a subject look vulnerable or powerless through the eyes of the person looking down at them. It can also make a scene more dramatic by showing the difference between two people's ranking.

(http://mansouraetekal1009.blogspot.co.uk/2015/09/camera-angles-and-shots.html)

• Low Angle

In low angle shots, the camera looks up to the subject and makes them look larger and more imposing. These are useful for increasing the height of an actor and also giving a sense of sped up motion. Low angles can also give the viewer a sense of powerlessness compared to the height of the surroundings.

(http://totorovsbatman.blogspot.co.uk/2012/02/cinema-on-john-wayne.html)

Camera Movements

• Pan 

Panning involves a movement of scanning a scene/landscape from side to side (or vice versa). The camera stays still to the left and right of the subject. It can be used to show how the surroundings affect the subject, or to show whatever the subject is looking at. The camera is mounted on a tripod, which provides a stable axis point for the sweeping motion of the camera to be free.

• Tracking 

Tracking, also known as dollying, is where both the camera and tripod are mounted on a moving vehicle, allowing for smooth movements following the action, generally following a character or object. This type of shot is good for moving from a mid shot to close up, gradually focusing the audience on a particular object or character, often used to show a moment of realisation.

• Tilting

This is where the tripod remains stationary and the camera tilts up and down. This movement is similar to panning but with an alteration in direction. It can be used to create a sense of unease in the character, or show surroundings, to create suspense or mystery. 

• Pull Focus

The pull focus, also known as rack focus, is a camera technique in which you change focus during a shot, usually a shot of two subjects at different distances from the camera. This creates a shifting of emphasis from one subject to another.

• Zoom In/Out

Zooming in and out is a technique used in filming which is done by changing the focal length of a zoom lens. This allows for the subject to move closer or further away from the viewer, which is useful for creating moments of suspense or realisation.

• Whip Pan 

A whip pan follows the same rules as a normal pan, in which the camera moves from side to side, however the whip pan involves a quicker movement that may momentarily blur the image. A whip pan often happens abruptly and can imply a rapid unfolding of events.

• Handheld Camera

Handheld cameras are just a normal filming camera with someone holding it, instead of using support from machines such as cranes and dollys. A handheld camera can often draw a viewer in by making the audience feel as if they are in the scene themselves, rather than in a still position.

• Dolly 

This is the moving platform which is used to film a dolly or tracking shot. They are just moving platforms with the camera and tripod attached, they come in a huge range of sizes.

• Steadicam

The steadicam is a heavy contraption which attaches a camera to an operator using a harness, the camera is stabilised so that it moves independently. It is used to film smoothly with a handheld camera.